Early Days of "M&V"

I had a nice lunch and walk talk with my good friend Steve Schiller last week. We talked about the old days and new needs for M&V. I asked Perplexity to do a little research. Dusting off the memories from 30 years ago. Here's what I found.

Based on my extensive search, I've found several papers co-authored by Steve Kromer and Steven Schiller at ACEEE and elsewhere. Here's what I discovered:

Kromer and Schiller Papers

ACEEE 1996 Summer Study

National Measurement and Verification Protocols

- **Authors:** J. Stephen Kromer (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) and Steven R. Schiller (Schiller Associates)

- **Conference:** ACEEE 1996 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings

- **Content:** This foundational paper described the development of the North American Energy Measurement and Verification Protocol (NEMVP), the FEMP M&V Guidelines, and ASHRAE GPC 14. The paper detailed the three M&V Options (A, B, and C) and explained how savings cannot be measured directly but must be calculated[1][2].

ACEEE 1998 Summer Study

Measurement and Verification Protocols—Facts and Fiction, News from the Field

**Authors:** Steven R. Schiller (Schiller Associates) and J. Stephen Kromer (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

-Conference:** ACEEE 1998 Summer Study

-Volume:** Volume 4 - Commercial Buildings: Program Design, Implementation and Evaluation[3][4]

ACEEE 2000 Summer Study

Measurement and Verification Protocols – M&V Meets the Competitive and Environmental Marketplaces

- **Authors:** J. Stephen Kromer (Enron Energy Services) and Steven R. Schiller (Schiller Associates)

- **Conference:** ACEEE 2000 Summer Study

- **Content:** This paper described the status of M&V guidelines, including updates to the International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP 1997) and the FEMP M&V Guideline (2000), plus new guidelines from ASHRAE (2000). The paper discussed important issues including differentiating Option A from simple stipulation, uncertainty analysis, selecting M&V methods based on project value and risk, and using M&V to determine emissions reductions[5][6][7].

Related International Work

International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP)

- Both Kromer and Schiller served on the **NEMVP/IPMVP committees** starting in 1994-1996:

- Steve Kromer was on the Policy Committee and Technical Subcommittee (Co-Chair)[8][9]

- Steven Schiller was on the Policy Committee and Technical Subcommittee (Co-Chair)[8][9]

- The first version of NEMVP was published in February 1996, which evolved into IPMVP in December 1997[8][1][9]

Additional Context

Kromer and Schiller were the primary authors of the 1996 FEMP M&V Guidelines (DOE/GO-10096-248), working under Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory direction[10][1][11]. Their collaboration on M&V protocols helped establish the foundation for performance contracting in the energy efficiency industry throughout the 1990s and 2000s[5][9].

The papers can be accessed through ACEEE's proceedings archives at aceee.org[1][5][3].

Sources

[1] [PDF] National Measurement and Verification Protocols https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/1996/data/papers/SS96_Panel5_Paper18.pdf

[2] [PDF] Building Commissioning as an Insurance Loss Prevention Strategy https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/1998/data/papers/0403.PDF

[3] Volume 4 - Commercial Buildings: Program Design, Implementation ... https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/1998/data/Vol4.html

[4] Steve Kromer PE's Post - LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/posts/stevekromer_ipmvp-energy-measurement-activity-6862163158153474048-ozGt

[5] [PDF] Measurement and Verification Protocols –M&V Meets the ... https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2000/data/papers/SS00_Panel4_Paper19.pdf

[6] Table of Contents - ACEEE https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2000/data/Vol4.html

[7] Table of Contents - ACEEE https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2000/data/Vol7.html

[8] [PDF] International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol https://19january2021snapshot.epa.gov/sites/static/files/2014-12/documents/impvp_december_1997.pdf

[9] International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol ... https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/international-performance-measurement-verification-protocol-kumar

[10] [PDF] Measurement and Verification (M&V) Guideline for Federal Energy ... https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc724076/m2/1/high_res_d/767303.pdf

[11] [PDF] Measuring Savings in Energy Savings Performance Contracts Using ... https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/1996/data/papers/SS96_Panel5_Paper11.pdf

[12] [PDF] Results from Three Utility DSM Bidding Programs - American ... https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/1996/data/papers/SS96_Panel5_Paper26.pdf

[13] [PDF] Lessons Learned and Next Steps in Energy Efficiency Measurement ... https://www.calmac.org/publications/Energy_Efficiency_Measurement_and_Attribution.pdf

[14] [PDF] Energy Savings Credits: Are Potential Benefits Being Realized? https://www.ase.org/sites/ase.org/files/energy_savings_credits_0.pdf

[15] [PDF] Scaling-Up Energy Efficiency Programs: The Measurement Challenge https://www.ase.org/sites/ase.org/files/energy_measurement_challenge_0.pdf

[16] AEE Press: Steve Kromer on "The Role of the Measurement and ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q98NuLF3Jjc

[17] [PDF] Electricity end uses, energy efficiency, and distributed energy ... https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/02/f34/Electricity%20End%20Uses,%20Energy%20Efficiency,%20and%20Distributed%20Energy%20Resources.pdf

[18] [PDF] The Future of Energy Efficiency for U.S. Buildings https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/schiller_aceee_preprint.pdf

[19] [PDF] Energy Efficiency Program Impact Evaluation Guide https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2014/05/f15/emv_ee_program_impact_guide.pdf

[20] [PDF] Super-Efficient Room Conditioners as a Multifamily Market Mover https://www.aceee.org/sites/default/files/proceedings/ssb24/assets/attachments/20240722160802234_36119e7d-75eb-48b9-ac5f-b4c191450e36.pdf

[21] [PDF] Electricity end uses, energy efficiency, and distributed energy ... https://eta-publications.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/end_use_baseline-emv_appendix-final.pdf

[22] [PDF] Who Wins the Pay-for-Performance Game? Measuring and ... https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/2018/assets/attachments/0194_0286_000337.pdf

[23] Table of Contents - American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy https://www.aceee.org/files/proceedings/1998/data/Vol6.html

[24] [PDF] The OpenEfficiency Initiative: Piloting an open source solution to ... https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1524199

[25] [PDF] International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol https://docs.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31505.pdf

[26] Measuring savings in energy savings performance contracts using ... https://heatisland.lbl.gov/publications/measuring-savings-energy-savings

[27] [PDF] International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=68653

[28] [PDF] Methods for Determining Energy Efficiency Savings for Specific ... https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/07/f2/53827_complete.pdf

[29] [PDF] International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31601.pdf