Fully integrated M&V 1) Define “building metabolism” as your model substrate Treat the asset as a network of stocks and flows with conservation constraints. Stocks (s): thermal mass (kWh_th), water in storage (m³), refrigerant mass, indoor CO₂, etc. Flows (f): electricity (kW), fuel (kW_th), chilled/hot water (kW_th), ventilation (kg/s), water (L/s), waste heat (kW), waste mass (kg/s). Drivers (x): weather, occupancy, schedules, tariffs, controls. Boundary (B): the “met

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